📘 Quick reference — core concepts
▾Ethics · negligence · malpractice
Negligence: failure to act with reasonable care. Malpractice: professional negligence resulting in harm.
Medical malpractice types: misdiagnosis, surgical errors, medication errors, birth injuries.
Abortion: termination of pregnancy. Sex preselection: choosing sex of offspring. Female feticide: sex-selective abortion of female fetuses.
ART (assisted reproductive technology): IVF, ICSI, surrogacy, etc. Ethical issues: embryo status, consent, commodification, access.
Anatomy & Physiology · cell · tissues
Cell parts: nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, ER, Golgi, plasma membrane, cytoplasm.
Transcription: DNA → mRNA (nucleus). Translation: mRNA → protein (ribosome).
Tissue: group of similar cells performing a function. Types: epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous. Cartilage: hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage.
MS Office · computer basics
Microsoft Office: suite of productivity apps (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Outlook, Access, etc.).
Computer: electronic device that processes data. Components: CPU, memory, storage, I/O. Benefits: speed, accuracy, automation. Limitations: no intelligence, need power.
OS: manages hardware/software (Windows, macOS, Linux). File vs folder: file stores data, folder organizes files. Copy vs cut: copy duplicates, cut moves.
Academic writing · creativity · critical thinking
Creativity: generating novel ideas. Characteristics: curiosity, flexibility, persistence. Barriers: fear, conformity, mental blocks. Environment: safe, collaborative, diverse.
Critical thinking: objective analysis. Requires evidence, reasoning, open-mindedness. Processes: identify, question, evaluate, infer. In reading/writing/listening: question assumptions, seek clarity, evaluate sources.
Sources: primary, secondary, tertiary. Analyse: credibility, bias, relevance, currency.